All the Artificially Intelligent Topics

Speech Recognition
Translators - translates from one language to another
Phone booking Systems - for payment of bills, ticketing information etc
Voice Commands - for secure entry and for controlling computer systems with spoken commands

Affected by background noise, slang, different accents, if someone has the cold or a sore throat or speaks to quickly, ambigous sentences.

Must be trained to recognise your voice

Handwriting Recognition
built into palmtops and smart phones
can recognise your handwriting and turn it into typed text

Must be trained to recognise your handwriting

Expert Systems
A system that recommends advice based on the answers you give to questions it asks you on its limited domain

+++ 24/7, combined knowledge of several experts, can explain and justify its decisions, consistent results
--- narrow domain, loss of jobs, no common sense

Examples - NHS 24/7 for medical advice, Whale Watcher - identify which whale you have seen, Legal Advice ....

Artificial Neural Systems
A electronic model of the human brain made up of thousands of simple interconnected processors
must be trained to do its job.
Learning to read postcodes to sort mail
Included in vision/speech/handwriting recognition
Stock Market Trend Predictions
Weather Prediction

++ more accurate and reliable, capable of learning and improving
-- cesigned for one specific task, cant explain its reasoning

Vision Recognition
Attempt to recognise and understand images

Uses include - satellite photo interpretation for military and weather
industry to check items on assembly line, airport security to recognise criminals etc

difficulties incliude - image could be blurred, objects could be in shadow, too many objects, object could be missing/unclear/distorted or you may only see part of an image from an unfamiliar angle

Intelligent Robots
robots which dont carry out simple programming, they can think and plan for themselves, can learn from mistakes and can adapt to new situations

uses include - space exploration, under water explanation, bomb disposal

The Turing Test

How does the Turing Test work?

Test a machines intelliengce - to see if a machine can communicate like a human by fooling another one

A human (machine A) sits at a computer terminal and asks any questions to two other computer terminals which are in seperate rooms.
One of these terminals is controlled by another human.
The other terminal is a computer being tested for intelligence.

If the human on machine A cannot distinguish between the two the test is passed.

Flaws with the test?

only tests one aspect of intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

Definition of Intelligence

"involves knowing and choosing"

Aspects of Intelligence
- Ability to Learn
- Ability to recall/remember information
- Problem Solving
- Adapating to new situations
- Reasoning and the ability to explain


Definition of AI
The Science of making machines do things that if done by humans it would require intelligence to do so

Why is it hard to define AI
AI is rapidly changing and advancing field
It has an unlimited scope
There are several groups working on AI, biologists, computer scientists, psychologists - they all see AI from their own perspective of the subject

Knowledge Bases and Semantic Nets

leadSinger(PersonX):-
is_a(PersonX, pupil),
likes(PersonX, karaoke),
voice(PersonX, amazing).

Rule with three SUB GOALS
For the overall goal to be true -> all subgoals must be true

The name of the diagram which allows us to visualise the relationship between the facts in a knowledge base is called ..... SEMANTIC NET

Prolog

Programmable Logic

Allows to define FACTS and RULES
These collected together are called a knowledge base

To represent the fact

"McAlpine loves Binary" - loves(mcalpine, binary). (intentionally lower case)
This only works one way!!!

To represent the fact
"I have a spearmint silver car, 03 plate, 3 door, petrol"
car(spearmintSilver, 03, 3, petrol).

male(homer).
parent(homer, bart).

to make a rule for dad ????

dad(DadX, Child):-
male(DadX), 'the person dadX must be male to be a DAD!
parent(DadX, Child).

Loops and Stuff

3 types of Loop

Nested Loop - loop inside other loops
Conditional Loop - will loop until a specified condition is met
Fixed Loop - loops a set number of times every time

Macro
we can record a set of instructions and get them to repeat by pressing a key stroke (or shortcut which we assign it)

Pre-Defined Functions

int() round() rnd()
commands in programming language, they are already written and we can use them

Compter Languages

Machine Code - the language that computers understand, represented as binary (1,0) and as an electrical charge in the computer system

We program in HLL High Level Languages
+ Must be translated before execution
+ English like language
+ They are portable

LLL - Low Level Languages
- understood by the components and the processor etc etc etc

Translators

+ Compiler - translates and executes each line of code at the same time
+ runs faster, because it gives you an executable file once there are no errors
- not good for debugging, gives you all your errors at once
+ Interpreter - translates and executes each line of code one at a time
+ stop when it finds an error, easier to debug
- slower, must run and translate every time, Interpreter is always running during interpretation